• Organic calcium and magnesium citrate minerals plus vitamins D and K • 500 mg of calcium and 200 mg of magnesium per tablespoon dose • With 1000 IU of vitamin D, 40 mcg of vitamin K 1 and 60 mcg of vitamin K2 • Helps in the maintenance of bones, teeth, and proper muscle function • Helps to prevent vitamin D deficiency • Calcium intake, when combined with sufficient vitamin D, a healthy diet and regular exercise, may reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis • Great-tasting natural vanilla flavour Cal Mag Vanilla Liquid + helps to maintain bone health and muscle function using a combination of organic calcium and magnesium citrate minerals, plus vitamins D and K. Osteoporosis is the primary cause of bone fractures in postmenopausal women 50 years and older, with an estimated 80% of all fractures in this group being osteoporosis related.1 Regular physical activity helps to maintain bone mass during aging, as bone metabolism is stimulated by the mechanical stress generated from impacts.2-5 However, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D may support bone formation even when incorporated into a low-impact physical exercise program. In a randomized clinical trial, 64 healthy postmenopausal women received 500 mg of calcium and 1000 IU of vitamin D daily while undergoing 6 months of low-impact aquatic exercise. At the end of the study period, there was a 15.8% increase in bone formation biomarker P1NP (precollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide) compared to baseline measurements.6 P1NP has been identified as a clinically relevant osteoporosis risk biomarker by the Bone Marker Standards Working Group.7 Vitamin K helps to maintain bone health, partly via the activation of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) proteins involved in skeletal mineralization, such as matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteocalcin.^8,9 Low vitamin K status may impair the function of Gla proteins involved in regulation of bone mineralization.10 REFERENCES 1. Bessette L, Ste-Marie LG, Jean S, Davison KS, Beaulieu M, Baranci M, Bessant J, Brown JP. Osteoporos Int. 2008; 19: 79-86 2. Yamazaki S, Ichimura S, Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Toyama Y. J Bone Miner Metab. 2004; 22: 500-508 3. Chien MY, Wu YT, Hsu AT, Yang RS, Lai JS. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000; 67: 443-448 4. Bemben DA, Bemben MG. Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22: 179-186 5. Vainionpää A, Korpelainen R, Leppäluoto J, Jämsä T. Osteoporos Int. 2005; 16: 191-198 6. Moreira LDF, Fronza FCAO, dos Santos RN, Zach PL, Kunii IS, Hayashi LF et al. J Bone Miner Metab. 2014; 32: 411-419 7. Wheater G, Elshahaly M, Tuck SP, Datta H, Van Laar JM. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2013, 11: 201 8. Price P. Connect Tissue Res. 1989; 21:51-57 9. Loeser R, Varnum B, Carlson C, et al. Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40:1455-1465 10. Misra D, Booth SL, Tolstykh I, Felson DT, Nevitt MC, Lewis CE et al. Am J Med. 2013; 126(3): 243-248